We present three emblematic cases with different vascular etiologies: a ductus arteriosus aneurysm, a left internal carotid artery dilatation, a laryngeal arteriovenous malformation (AVM). In the radiological database of two urban academic hospitals, from 2012 to 2020, we sought patients who underwent CT or MRI for dysphonia, selecting only the ones with an underlying clinically confirmed vascular etiology. It is fundamental to remember that vascular etiologies are responsible for some rare cases of dysphonia. Differential diagnosis of dysphonia comprehends many different etiologies and many causative agents (neoplasms, inflammations, traumatic injuries) that can occur in a large anatomical space (from the encephalic trunk to the upper mediastinum). Sforza 35, Milan, 20122, ItalyEmail Dysphonia is a frequent and often disabling condition that can be caused by a multitude of circumstances. Pierino Spadafora,1 Andrea Esposito,2 Caterina Giannitto,3 Letizia Di Meglio,1 Nunzio Paolo Nuzzi,3 Gianpaolo Carrafiello2 1Postgraduate School of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Milan, Milan, 20122, Italy 2Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Maggiore Policlinico Hospital, Radiology Department, Milan, Italy 3Humanitas Research Hospital, Radiology Department, Milan, 20013, Ital圜orrespondence: Pierino SpadaforaPostgraduate School of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Milan, Via Festa del Perdono 7, Milan, 20122, ItalyEmail EspositoFoundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Maggiore Policlinico Hospital, Radiology Department, Via F. Few subjects had high blood pressure and showed the sign of anxiety on the Hamilton anxiety rating scale.Ĭonclusion Low-frequency noise has adverse effects on entire systems of the body and causes many psychological issues, which, in turn negatively affect quality of life. The present study found a significant difference in shimmer and harmonics-to-noise ratio (HNR) values. Results The results indicate that LFN had an adverse impact on the high-frequency threshold. We also assessed blood pressure, and the results of a voice-related quality of life questionnaire and of the Hamilton anxiety rating scale. The patients were submitted to pure tone audiometry, otoscopic examination, acoustic and perceptual analyses of the voice, maximum phonation time, and an assessment of the s/z ratio. Method A total of 20 subjects exposed to LFN and 20 not exposed to LFN were included, and a detailed case history was recorded. Objective To investigate the adverse effects of LFN on hearing, acoustic and perceptual correlates of the voice, blood pressure, cardiac rate, and anxiety level. Moreover, VAD may lead to many psychological problems and hence affect the quality of life. Long-term exposure to LFN may lead to vibroacoustic disease (VAD), which not only affects a specific organ but the physiological function of entire systems, such as the auditory, phonatory, respiratory, and cardiac systems. Introduction Low-frequency noise (LFN) is hazardous to hearing.

Illustration of tremulous